Depression can be described as a prolonged sad mood, irritability, and loss of interest in daily life. Many other symptoms exist, such as fatigue and change in appetite, and it varies from person to person. Up to 8% of adolescents have been diagnosed with depression, and it is expected to rise due to the self-isolation that COVID-19 has brought to everyone’s daily life. It is reported that 45% of adolescents with a diagnosis of major depression develop another episode in early adulthood. In an article provided by PsychologyToday, Frank J. Ninivaggi M.D., DLF-A.P.A. explains this phenomenon and how to help.

Normal adolescent development gives a baseline to measure events that might eventually negatively impact an individual. Many changes occur in adolescents, both mentally and physically. Peer relationships get deeper and autonomy in decision making grows. Ultimately, identity is being formed. Normal sadness during this time period is common, but clinical depression is increasingly becoming a problem that must be addressed.

With clinical depression, self-esteem is attacked and one might feel worthless. Simply put, depression is an attack on self-esteem, which might lead to dangerous behaviors. It is important to understand that sadness and grief occur over days or weeks, but clinical depression is a psychiatric disorder that lasts over several years and calls for formal therapy.

Adolescents are vulnerable to risk-taking behaviors, such as drug use and unsafe sexual practices. This can affect one's life trajectory, and likely will lead to depression. Other possible risk factors for individuals in this phase of life include genetic predispositions, emotional and physical neglect and abuse, chronic medical issues, and trauma. These are all important things to account for if you or a loved one is suffering from clinical depression.

Early warning signs can be crucial. They can alert parents, caregivers, or teachers of possible depression in the future. Some warning signs might include social withdrawal, uncontrollable anger, being a victim of violence, and patterns of impulsive and chronic hitting, intimidating, and bullying behaviors.

Being aware of risk factors that might lead to adolescent depression is key for prevention. Changes in mood, excessive anger, and withdrawal suggest impending emotional problems. Detecting the warning signs is the first step toward getting yourself or a loved one the proper treatment needed to help reach a more beneficial mental state. Do not be afraid to reach out for help from a mental health professional if you recognize risk factors becoming prevalent.